Point-of-care clinical articles for US clinicians. One question, the evidence, the source for each figure.

Menopausal hormone therapy: what the 2025-26 labeling change removes and what it keeps

In November 2025 the FDA asked for cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and probable dementia language to come out of the boxed warning on menopausal hormone therapy, and had approved revised labels for six products by February 2026.

4 min read · 8 references

Nephrology

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: risk and progression after the 2025 KDIGO guideline

KDIGO's first ADPKD guideline anchors risk on the Mayo Imaging Classification; 10-year kidney failure ran from 2.4% in subclass 1A to 66.9% in 1E in the Mayo Clinic cohort that defined it, and from 2.2% in 1C to 22.3% in 1E in a younger validation cohort.

4 min read · 7 references Oncology

Circulating tumor DNA to guide adjuvant therapy in colon cancer: what the trials show

In randomized trials, ctDNA-guided management gave similar 5-year recurrence-free survival to standard care in stage II colon cancer (88% versus 87%; difference 1.1 percentage points, 95% CI −5.8 to 8.0), while de-escalation in ctDNA-negative stage III patients missed non-inferiority at 3 years (85.3% versus 88.1%).

4 min read · 7 references Cardiovascular & vascular

Colchicine and spironolactone after myocardial infarction: the factorial trial, the pooled evidence and the guideline's timing

A 7,062-patient post-infarction trial found no reduction in its primary outcomes with colchicine (hazard ratio 0.99; 95% CI 0.85 to 1.16) or spironolactone, while a Cochrane review of 12 trials in cardiovascular disease found fewer infarctions and strokes with colchicine; the guideline's literature search closed before the trial reports.

4 min read · 7 references Endocrinology & metabolism

Continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: what the 2025-26 evidence supports

Across randomized trials in type 2 diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring lowers HbA1c by roughly 0.25 to 0.4 percentage points in pooled analyses, and the evidence is limited in people not on glucose-lowering therapy.

4 min read · 7 references

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Collection Musculoskeletal 3 articles · 18 references Browse the area → Collection Oncology 3 articles · 20 references Browse the area → Collection Women's health & fertility 3 articles · 20 references Browse the area → Collection Acute migraine 2 articles · 11 references Browse the area →

All articles 19 articles · 120 references

Opioid-induced constipation

Agent, daily dose and time to constipation: what two recent cohorts show In a 2025 Japanese cohort of 63 adults with new weak-opioid exposure for chronic non-cancer pain, 49.2% met Rome IV criteria for opioid-induced constipation by day 14, while in an English hospital cohort of 80,475 adults without cancer, severe-constipation risk differed by agent and was highest at 50 to under 120 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per day. 4 min read · 5 references Preventing opioid-induced constipation at opioid start: what 2024-26 data show In a retrospective matched cohort of 536 inpatients with cancer, prophylactic laxatives showed no detectable difference in 1-week constipation (48.1% versus 48.9%; odds ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.36); in a separate 99-patient randomized trial of one peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, day-14 bowel function response was 64.6% versus 17.0% with placebo. 4 min read · 5 references

Acute migraine

Acute episodic migraine: the 2025 ACP network meta-analysis and guideline In 21 head-to-head and 165 placebo-controlled trials, the 2025 ACP network meta-analysis found larger effects on pain outcomes for triptans than for NSAIDs (high certainty) or acetaminophen (low certainty), often with a higher adverse-event risk. 4 min read · 5 references Parenteral therapy for migraine in the emergency department: what the 2025 update found The 2025 American Headache Society update added 26 randomized trials and rates intravenous prochlorperazine and greater occipital nerve block level A, must offer, and intravenous hydromorphone level A, must not offer. 4 min read · 6 references

Acute pain

Intravenous lidocaine infusion for acute postoperative pain: what the 2025-26 meta-analyses show Reviews in hysterectomy, colorectal and thoracoscopic surgery found lower pain scores with intravenous lidocaine, but in the 16-trial thoracoscopic review the 24-hour resting pain reduction was 0.48 cm (95% CI −0.79 to −0.17), below its predefined 1 cm threshold for clinical importance. 4 min read · 7 references Opioid-free versus opioid-inclusive anesthesia: what recent meta-analyses say about postoperative pain In an 885-trial network meta-analysis, regional techniques ranked highest for postoperative pain (low certainty), and with a block in place dropping intraoperative opioids made little difference (moderate certainty). 4 min read · 6 references

Musculoskeletal

Fibromyalgia: what a 2026 network meta-analysis of 151 drug trials shows A 2026 network meta-analysis of 151 trials (32,592 adults) found low-certainty, typically small drug benefits and no pooled pain effect meeting a clinical importance threshold. 4 min read · 5 references Osteoporosis: the 2025 USPSTF screening statement and how the ACP graded drug treatment in 2023 Screening older, higher-risk women was linked to fewer hip fractures (relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93) and fewer major osteoporotic fractures (relative risk 0.94, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99), corresponding to 5 to 6 fewer fractures per 1,000 screened, in the 2025 USPSTF evidence review. 4 min read · 6 references Polymyalgia rheumatica: 2025 EULAR and 2026 British guidelines, plus new methotrexate, IL-6 receptor antagonist and ultrasound data In a small 2026 placebo-controlled trial of recently diagnosed PMR (64 randomized, 58 analyzed), 80% on methotrexate versus 46% on placebo reached glucocorticoid-free remission at 52 weeks; a 2026 British guideline includes consideration of early methotrexate. 4 min read · 7 references

Women's health & fertility

Early gestational diabetes: does diagnosis and treatment before 20 weeks change outcomes? Two 2025 meta-analyses of randomized trials found no consistent benefit from treating gestational diabetes diagnosed before 20 weeks, apart from secondary outcomes such as less neonatal respiratory distress. 4 min read · 6 references Menopausal hormone therapy: what the 2025-26 labeling change removes and what it keeps In November 2025 the FDA asked for cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and probable dementia language to come out of the boxed warning on menopausal hormone therapy, and had approved revised labels for six products by February 2026. 4 min read · 8 references Self-collected HPV testing for cervical screening: what the 2025-26 guidance now allows In the 2025 consensus and 2026 ACS guidance, self-collected vaginal HPV tests are acceptable for average-risk screening with a 3-year repeat interval after a negative result, while the not-yet-final USPSTF draft lists 5 years. 4 min read · 6 references

Oncology

Circulating tumor DNA to guide adjuvant therapy in colon cancer: what the trials show In randomized trials, ctDNA-guided management gave similar 5-year recurrence-free survival to standard care in stage II colon cancer (88% versus 87%; difference 1.1 percentage points, 95% CI −5.8 to 8.0), while de-escalation in ctDNA-negative stage III patients missed non-inferiority at 3 years (85.3% versus 88.1%). 4 min read · 7 references Perioperative immunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: what the survival data now show In separate trials of resectable non-small cell lung cancer, 5-year overall survival was 65.4% with neoadjuvant and 64.6% with perioperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy, versus 55.0% and 53.6% with chemotherapy alone or plus placebo; a 2025 meta-analysis of reconstructed survival curves found no event-free survival difference between the two designs within pathological response subgroups. 4 min read · 6 references Postmastectomy radiation after the 2025 guideline: what it recommends and what the ten-year trial found A 2025 joint guideline states that radiation is indicated for most node-positive mastectomy patients, while a 1,607-patient trial found ten-year overall survival of 81.4% with and 81.9% without chest-wall irradiation in intermediate-risk disease (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.30). 4 min read · 7 references

Nephrology

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: risk and progression after the 2025 KDIGO guideline KDIGO's first ADPKD guideline anchors risk on the Mayo Imaging Classification; 10-year kidney failure ran from 2.4% in subclass 1A to 66.9% in 1E in the Mayo Clinic cohort that defined it, and from 2.2% in 1C to 22.3% in 1E in a younger validation cohort. 4 min read · 7 references

Cardiovascular & vascular

Colchicine and spironolactone after myocardial infarction: the factorial trial, the pooled evidence and the guideline's timing A 7,062-patient post-infarction trial found no reduction in its primary outcomes with colchicine (hazard ratio 0.99; 95% CI 0.85 to 1.16) or spironolactone, while a Cochrane review of 12 trials in cardiovascular disease found fewer infarctions and strokes with colchicine; the guideline's literature search closed before the trial reports. 4 min read · 7 references

Endocrinology & metabolism

Continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: what the 2025-26 evidence supports Across randomized trials in type 2 diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring lowers HbA1c by roughly 0.25 to 0.4 percentage points in pooled analyses, and the evidence is limited in people not on glucose-lowering therapy. 4 min read · 7 references

Mental & behavioral health

Stopping antidepressants: how common are discontinuation symptoms, and what does tapering change? In a 2026 network meta-analysis of 76 trials in remitted depression or anxiety, relapse risk versus an abrupt stop was lower with a taper over more than 4 weeks plus psychological support (RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.72) and with continuation (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.58), but not with a slow taper alone; 2025 estimates of discontinuation symptoms still differ by method. 4 min read · 7 references

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19 articles · 120 references · 10 therapeutic areas.

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